Cavitation refers to that the surface of the wet cylinder liner of the generator set in contact with the coolant is damaged into some needle shaped holes, which gradually expand and deepen, and finally form deep holes or cracks. It is generally believed that it is caused by the high-frequency vibration of the cylinder liner. So how to prevent generator cavitation?

(1)使用因素

(1) Usage factors

a.易發(fā)生穴蝕的冷卻液溫度是40℃-60℃，因此使用中要盡量使冷卻液保持正常的工作溫度(80℃-85℃)。

a. The coolant temperature that is most prone to cavitation erosion is 40 ℃ -60 ℃, so try to keep the coolant at normal working temperature (80 ℃ -85 ℃) during use.

b.要加用廠家規(guī)定的冷卻液，不用硬水或含雜質(zhì)較多的冷卻水(液)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，含有鹽類、堿類的硬水比清潔的軟水穴蝕速度大幾十倍。

b. Use the coolant specified by the manufacturer instead of hard water or cooling water (liquid) with more impurities. Experiments show that the cavitation rate of hard water containing salts and alkalis is dozens of times higher than that of clean soft water.

c.盡量減少怠速、大負(fù)荷和超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)間。

c. Try to reduce the time of idling, heavy load and overload operation.

d.按規(guī)定加用燃油，減輕由燃燒引起的發(fā)電機(jī)工作粗暴。

d. Add fuel as required to reduce rough operation of generator caused by combustion.

(2)維修因素

(2) Maintenance factors

a.按規(guī)定更換冷卻液，并及時(shí)清洗冷卻系，使冷卻系經(jīng)常保持良好的技術(shù)狀態(tài)。

a. Replace the coolant as required and clean the cooling system in time to keep the cooling system in good technical condition.

b.按規(guī)定調(diào)整供油提前角及燃料系各總成，保持燃料系工作性能，減輕不正常燃燒造成的危害。

b. Adjust the fuel supply advance angle and fuel system assemblies as required to maintain the working performance of the fuel system and reduce the harm caused by abnormal combustion.

c.保持良好的配缸間隙、曲軸軸承間隙和連桿軸承間隙，以減輕敲缸和振動(dòng)。

c. Maintain good cylinder clearance, crankshaft bearing clearance and connecting rod bearing clearance to reduce cylinder knocking and vibration.

d.安裝氣缸套、活塞、連桿等機(jī)件時(shí)，要盡量達(dá)到垂直度、平行度的要求，減小活塞對氣缸套的不正常沖擊。

d. When installing cylinder liner, piston, connecting rod and other mechanical parts, try to meet the requirements of verticality and parallelism to reduce the abnormal impact of piston on cylinder liner.

(3)制造因素

(3) Manufacturing factors

a.在發(fā)電機(jī)的水套側(cè)壁涂防穴蝕材料和吸振物質(zhì)。

a. Anti cavitation materials and vibration absorbing substances shall be coated on the side wall of the water jacket of the generator.

b.提高氣缸套外表面的硬度；盡量降低外表面的粗糙度；選用抗穴蝕能力強(qiáng)的材料。

b. Improve the hardness of the outer surface of the cylinder liner; Try to reduce the roughness of the external surface; Select materials with strong cavitation resistance.

c.選用合適的氣缸套壁厚，增加其剛度，以避免共振。

c. Select appropriate cylinder liner wall thickness and increase its stiffness to avoid resonance.

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